美国学生历史 第76期:政治党派的出现(1)

 　　Chapter 20 第20章

　　Rise of Political Parties 政治党派的出现

　　207. The Federalists. 207．联邦党

　　There were no political parties in the United States in 1789. 1789年美国不存在政治党派，

　　All the leading men were anxious to give the new Constitution a fair trial. 所有的领导者都迫切想尝试依照《宪法》秉公办事，

　　Even Patrick Henry supported Washington. 即使帕特里克o亨利也支持华盛顿。

　　Many men, as Alexander Hamilton and Gouverneur Morris, believed a monarchy¹ to be the best form of government. 许多人（如亚历山大·汉米尔顿和高文纽尔·莫瑞斯）相信君主制是政府的最好形式，

　　But they saw clearly that the American people would not permit a monarchy to be established. 但是，他们清醒地看到美国人民不会允许建立一个君主国，

　　So they supported the Constitution although they thought that it was "a frail² and worthless fabric³." 因此，尽管认为《宪法》是"一个脆弱而毫无价值的捏造物"， 他们还是支持宪法，

　　But they wished to establish the strongest possible government that could be established under the Constitution. 但他们希望根据宪法创建一个尽可能强大的政府，

　　This they could do by defining in the broadest way the doubtful words in the Constitution as Hamilton had done in the controversy⁴ over the bank charter. 像汉米尔顿在对待银行法案中的矛盾那样，他们以最宽宏大量的方式解释那些存疑的语词。

　　Hamilton had little confidence in the wisdom of the plain people. 汉米尔顿几乎不对普通人的智慧抱有任何信心，

　　He believed it would be safer to rely on the richer classes. 他相信依赖相对富足阶层的人会更为安全些，

　　So he and his friends wished to give to the central government and to the richer classes the greatest possible amount of power. 因此，汉米尔顿希望给中央政府和相对富有的阶级以最大可能的权力，

　　Those who believed as Hamilton believed called themselves Federalists. In reality they were Nationalists. 那些和汉米尔顿有同样想法的人自称为"联邦党"，他们实际上是"国家主义者"。

1 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

2 frail   

adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的

参考例句：

• Mrs. Warner is already 96 and too frail to live by herself.华纳太太已经九十六岁了，身体虚弱，不便独居。
• She lay in bed looking particularly frail.她躺在床上，看上去特别虚弱。

3 fabric   

n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织

参考例句：

• The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
• I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。

4 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。