美国学生历史 第79期:政治党派的出现(4)

 　　211. Citizen Genet. 211．公民吉奈特

　　The new French government soon sent an agent or minister to the United States. 新成立的法国政府马上派代理人或大臣去美国。

　　He was the Citizen Genet. He landed at Charleston, South Carolina. 此人就是公民吉奈特。他来到南卡罗莱纳的查理斯顿。

　　He fitted out privateers to prey¹ on British commerce and then set out overland for Philadelphia. 他把民间武装船队装备起来去掠夺英国的商船，然后越过大陆来到费城。

　　Washington had recently made a tour through the South. 华盛顿就在那一阶段去南方视察，

　　But even he had not been received with the enthusiasm that greeted Genet. 但是，人们热情欢迎吉奈特，即使华盛顿也没有受到过如此礼遇。

　　But when Genet reached Philadelphia, and began to confer with Jefferson about getting help from the government, 到达费城后，吉奈特开始与杰斐逊商议如何从美国政府获得帮助，

　　he found little except delay, trouble, and good advice. 但是他得到的回应几乎只有拖延、问题和忠告。

　　Jefferson especially tried to warn Genet not to be over confident. But Genet would not listen. 杰弗逊特意试图警告吉奈特不要过于自信，但吉奈特听不进去。

　　He even appealed to the people against Washington, and the people rallied to the defense² of the President. 吉奈特甚至鼓动人们反对华盛顿，但人们团结起来拥护总统。

　　Soon another and wiser French minister came to the United States. 很快法国派另一个更为聪明的大臣来到美国。

　　212. The Neutrality Proclamation, 1793. 212．《中立宣言》（1793年）

　　Washington and his advisers³ had a very difficult question to settle. 华盛顿和他的顾问们有一个难题要解决，

　　For the Treaty of 1778 with France gave to French ships the use of United States ports in war time, and closed those ports to the enemies of France. 因为，按照美国1778年与法国缔结的条约，法国船只可以在战时使用美国的港口，这些港口不对法国的敌人开放。

　　The treaty might also oblige the United States to make war on Great Britain in order to preserve the French West India Islands to France. 这个条约还迫使美国对大不列颠宣战以保护法国人的西印度群岛，使之属于法国。

　　It was quite certain, at all events, that if French warships⁴ were allowed to use American ports, 很显然，无论如何，如果允许法国人的战船使用港口

　　and British warships were not allowed to do so, Great Britain would speedily make war on the United States. 而不允许英国战船使用，大不列颠将迅速对美国开战。

　　The treaty had been made with the King of France. 这个条约是与法国国王签订，

　　Could it not be set aside on the ground that there was no longer a French monarchy⁵? 在法国国王已经不存在的情况下难道不可以废除这个条约吗？

　　Washington at length made up his mind to regard it as suspended, owing to the confusion which existed in France. 考虑到法国内部的混乱，华盛顿最终决定搁置这个条约。

　　He therefore issued a Proclamation of Neutrality. 因此，华盛顿签发了一份《中立宣言》，

　　In this proclamation he warned all citizens not to aid either of the fighting nations. 在这个宣言中他警告国人不要帮助发生战争的任何一方。

　　It was in this way that Washington began the policy of keeping the United States out of European conflicts. 正是以这种方式，华盛顿开始了其保证美国远离欧洲战火的政策。

1 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

2 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

3 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

4 warships   

军舰，战舰( warship的名词复数 )； 舰只

参考例句：

• The enemy warships were disengaged from the battle after suffering heavy casualties. 在遭受惨重伤亡后，敌舰退出了海战。
• The government fitted out warships and sailors for them. 政府给他们配备了战舰和水手。

5 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。