美国学生历史 第78期:政治党派的出现(3)

 　　209. The French Revolution. 209．法国革命

　　In 1789 the French people rose against their government. 1789年，法国人民起来反抗他们的政府，

　　In 1792 they imprisoned¹ their king and queen. 1792年他们将国王和王后送进大牢，

　　In 1793 they beheaded them, and set up a republic. 1793年国王和王后被砍头，法国人建立一个民主国家。

　　The monarchs² of Europe made common cause against this spirit of revolution. 欧洲的君主制国家用同样的理由一致反对这种革命精神，

　　They made war on the French Republic and began a conflict which soon spread to all parts of the world. 他们发动对法兰西共和国的战争，并很快波及全世界。

　　210. The French Revolution and American Politics. 210．法国革命与美国政治

　　Jefferson and his political friends rejoiced at the overthrow³ of the French monarchy⁴ and the setting up of the Republic. 杰斐逊和他政治方面的朋友为法国颠覆君主制并建立共和政体感到高兴，

　　It seemed as if American ideas had spread to Europe. 似乎美国人的思想已经波及到欧洲。

　　Soon Jefferson's followers⁵ began to ape the manners of the French revolutionists. 不久，杰斐逊的属下开始模仿法国革命者的样子，

　　They called each other Citizen this and Citizen that. 他们彼此互相称呼为"公民某某"。

　　Reports of French victories were received with rejoicing. 收到法国人胜利的报告，他们就感到欢欣鼓舞；

　　At Boston an ox, roasted whole, bread, and punch were distributed to the people in the streets, 在波士顿，人们杀了一头牛，全部烤制成牛肉，将牛肉与面包和鸡尾酒散发给走在大街上的人，

　　and cakes stamped with the French watchwords, Liberty and Equality, were given to the children. 送给孩子们的蛋糕上印着"自由和平等"等法国人的口号。

　　But, while the Republicans were rejoicing over the downfall of the French monarchy, the Federalists were far from being happy. 但是，在共和党人欢庆法国君主制倾覆的同时，联邦党人却非常不高兴，

　　Hamilton had no confidence in government by the people anywhere. 汉米尔顿对各地的人民政府极不信任，

　　Washington, with his aristocratic ideas, did not at all like the way the Republicans were acting⁶. 有种种贵族观念的华盛顿根本不喜欢共和党的做事方式。

　　He said little on the subject, but Lady Washington expressed her mind freely and spoke⁷ of Jefferson's followers as "filthy⁸ Democrats⁹." 他很少谈及这个话题，但华盛顿夫人直接说出了自己的想法，并将杰斐逊的手下说成"邪恶的民主主义者"。

1 imprisoned   

下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months. 他被判处30个月和18个月的监禁，合并执行。
• They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 他们因拥有毒品而被监禁。

2 monarchs   

君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Monarchs ruled England for centuries. 世袭君主统治英格兰有许多世纪。
• Serving six monarchs of his native Great Britain, he has served all men's freedom and dignity. 他在大不列颠本国为六位君王服务，也为全人类的自由和尊严服务。 来自演讲部分

3 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

4 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

5 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

6 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

7 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

8 filthy   

adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的

参考例句：

• The whole river has been fouled up with filthy waste from factories.整条河都被工厂的污秽废物污染了。
• You really should throw out that filthy old sofa and get a new one.你真的应该扔掉那张肮脏的旧沙发，然后再去买张新的。

9 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》