美国学生历史 第88期:最后一个联邦党政府(6)

 　　225. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798~99. 225．弗吉尼亚州和肯塔基州的决议（1798~1799年）

　　In the exciting years before the Revolutionary War the colonial legislatures had passed many resolutions condemning¹ the acts of the British government. 在革命战争之前的令人激动的几年间，殖民地立法机关通过了许多谴责英国政府的议案。

　　Following this example Jefferson and Madison now brought it about that the Virginia and Kentucky legislatures passed resolutions against the Alien and Sedition² Acts. 以此为榜样，杰佛逊和麦迪逊如法炮制，鼓动弗吉尼亚州和肯塔基州的立法机关通过法律反对《客籍法案》和《惩治煽动叛乱法案》，

　　They declared that the Constitution was a compact between the states. 他们宣称宪法是各个州都要遵守的合约，

　　It followed from this that any state could determine for itself whether any act of Congress were constitutional or not. 由此可以知道任何一个州自身都可以决定国会的举措是否符合宪法，

　　It followed from, this, again, that any state could refuse to permit an Act of Congress to be enforced within its limits. 而且，由此可以知道任何一个州都可以拒绝接受国会在其职能范围内给以强化的任何法案，

　　In other words, any state could make null or nullify any Act of Congress that it saw fit to oppose. 换言之，只要认为有反对的必要，任何一个州都可以使得国会做出的某个议案无效或作废。

　　This last conclusion was found only in the Kentucky Resolutions of 1799. 最后一个结论只在《1799年肯塔基州决议》中兑现，

　　But Jefferson wrote to this effect in the original draft of the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798. 但杰斐逊在1798年肯塔基州决议的原稿中写出了这个大意，

　　The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions called the voter's attention to the Federalist abuse of power and did much to form public opinion. 弗吉尼亚州和肯塔基州的决议提醒了投票者注意联邦党人对职权的滥用，并为形成公共舆论做出了贡献。

1 condemning   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

2 sedition   

n.煽动叛乱

参考例句：

• Government officials charged him with sedition.政府官员指控他煽动人们造反。
• His denial of sedition was a denial of violence.他对煽动叛乱的否定又是对暴力的否定。