美国学生历史 第97期:杰斐逊政府(3)

 　　240. Paying the National Debt. 240．偿还国债

　　Jefferson was especially anxious to cut down the expenses of the government and to pay as much as possible of the national debt. 杰斐逊急于削减政府开支以尽可能地偿还国债，

　　Madison and Gallatin worked heartily¹ with him to carry out this policy. 麦迪逊和加勒廷忠诚地随他一起执行这个政策，

　　The repeal² of the Internal Revenue Act took much revenue from the government. 《国内贸易税法案》的废止减少了政府的巨大收入，

　　But it also did away with the salaries of a great many officials. 还影响了一大部分官员的工资。

　　The repeal of the Judiciary Act also put an end to many salaries. 《司法法案》的废止还取消了许多薪水。

　　Now that the dispute with France was ended, Jefferson thought that the army and navy might safely be reduced. 既然与法国的争端结束了，杰斐逊认为削减陆军和海军就没有什么问题。

　　Most of the naval³ vessels⁴ were sold. 大部分海军军舰被卖掉，

　　A few good ships were kept at sea, and the rest were tied up at the wharves⁵. 一些较好的船只仍在海上游弋，其余的则被搁置在码头上。

　　The number of ministers to European states was reduced to the lowest possible limit, and the civil service at home was also cut down. 派往欧洲的官员数目被削减到最小可能，国内公务员人数也被削减。

　　The expenses of the government were in these ways greatly lessened⁶. 这段时间里政府的开支大大减少，

　　At the same time the revenue from the customs service increased. 与此同时，从海关来的税收在不断增加，

　　The result was that in the eight years of Jefferson's administrations the national debt shrank from eighty-three million dollars to forty-five million dollars. 结果，在杰斐逊任职的八年间政府的外债从8300万美元下降到4500万美元。

　　Yet in the same time the United States paid fifteen million dollars for Louisiana, and waged a series of successful and costly⁷ wars with the pirates of the northern coast of Africa. 还是在这一时期，美国花了1500万美元买下了路易斯安那，还花了很多钱打败来自非洲北部的海盗。

1 heartily   

adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很

参考例句：

• He ate heartily and went out to look for his horse.他痛快地吃了一顿，就出去找他的马。
• The host seized my hand and shook it heartily.主人抓住我的手，热情地和我握手。

2 repeal   

n.废止，撤消；v.废止，撤消

参考例句：

• He plans to repeal a number of current policies.他计划废除一些当前的政策。
• He has made out a strong case for the repeal of the law.他提出强有力的理由，赞成废除该法令。

3 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

4 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 wharves   

n.码头，停泊处( wharf的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They are seaworthy and can stand rough handling on the wharves? 适用于海运并能经受在码头上的粗暴装卸。 来自外贸英语口语25天快训
• Widely used in factories and mines, warehouses, wharves, and other industries. 广泛用于厂矿、仓库、码头、等各种行业。 来自互联网

6 lessened   

减少的，减弱的

参考例句：

• Listening to the speech through an interpreter lessened its impact somewhat. 演讲辞通过翻译的嘴说出来，多少削弱了演讲的力量。
• The flight to suburbia lessened the number of middle-class families living within the city. 随着迁往郊外的风行，住在城内的中产家庭减少了。

7 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。