美国学生历史 第107期:1812年战争的原因(7)

 　　257. Battle of Tippecanoe. 257．提皮克努之战

　　This determined¹ attitude of the Indians seemed to the American leaders to be very dangerous. 美国的领导者认为印第安人的这个断然态度非常危险，

　　Governor William Henry Harrison of Indiana Territory gathered a small army of regular soldiers and volunteers from Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. 印第安纳地区总督威廉o亨利o哈里森聚集了一支由受过训练的士兵和来自俄亥俄、肯塔基和印第安纳的志愿者组成的小部队，

　　He marched to the Indian settlements. The Indians attacked him at Tippecanoe. 他带队开赴印第安人的聚居地。印第安人在提皮克努向这支部队发起进攻，

　　He beat them off and, attacking in his turn, routed them. 威廉o亨利o哈里森的部队打退了印第安人并发起反攻，将它们打得四散溃逃。

　　Tecumthe was not at the battle. But he immediately fled to the British in Canada. 塔克特没有参加这次战斗，但是他迅速投奔在加拿大的英国人。

　　The Americans had suspected that the British were stirring up the Indians to resist the United States. 美国人已经在怀疑是英国人在教唆印第安人反抗美国，

　　The reception given to Tecumthe made them feel that their suspicions were correct. 英国人给予塔克特礼遇，这让美国人觉得他们的怀疑是得到了印证。

　　258. The War Party in Congress. 258．国会中的"主战派"

　　There were abundant reasons to justify² war with Great Britain, or with France, or with both of them. 有大量的理由表明美国应该与大不列颠或者法国（或者二者同时）开战，

　　But there would probably have been no war with either of them had it not been for a few energetic young men in Congress. 但是，如果国会中没有一些积极的年轻人的话美国不可能与任何一方开战。

　　The leaders of this war party were Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. 这个主战派的领导者是亨利o克雷和约翰o科思。

　　Clay was born in Virginia, but as a boy he had gone to Kentucky. 克雷出生在弗吉尼亚，但少年时去了肯塔基，

　　He represented the spirit of the young and growing West. 他的身上显示出年轻并在成长的西部精神。

　　He was a true patriot³ and felt angry at the way the British spoke⁴ of America and Americans, and at the way they acted toward the United States. 克雷是一个地道的爱国者，英国人对美洲和美洲人的说辞以及英国人对待美国的方式都令他感到生气。

　　He was a very popular man and won men to him by his attractive qualities and by his energy. 克雷是一个非常受欢迎的人，他善良的品质和活力使他赢得了不少追随者。

　　Calhoun was a South Carolinian who had been educated in Connecticut. 科恩是南卡罗莱纳人，他在康涅狄格接受教育，

　　He was a man of the highest personal character.  He had a strong, active mind, and he was fearless in debate. 极富个人魅力，意志坚强，积极主动，在辩论中毫不畏惧。

　　As with Clay so with Calhoun, they both felt the rising spirit of nationality. 克雷与科恩都感到了国家精神的兴起，

　　They thought that the United States had been patient long enough. 他们认为美国已经忍了太久，

　　They and their friends gained a majority in Congress and forced Madison to send a warlike message to Congress. 他们和他们的朋友赢得了国会中大多数人的支持，共同迫使麦迪逊向国会做关于宣战的演讲。

1 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

2 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

3 patriot   

n.爱国者，爱国主义者

参考例句：

• He avowed himself a patriot.他自称自己是爱国者。
• He is a patriot who has won the admiration of the French already.他是一个已经赢得法国人敬仰的爱国者。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。