美国学生历史 第109期:第二次独立战争(1)

 　　Chapter 25 第25章

　　The Second War of Independence, 1812~1815 第二次独立战争（1812~1815年）

　　260. Plan of Campaign, 1812. 260．战役计划（1812年）

　　The American plan of campaign was that General Hull¹ should invade Canada from Detroit. 美国作战计划是说哈尔将军应该从底特律入侵加拿大，

　　He could then march eastward², north of Lake Erie, and meet another army which was to cross the Niagara River. 然后，率队西进，在伊利湖西岸与另一支穿过尼亚加拉河赶来的部队汇合，

　　These two armies were to take up the eastward march and join a third army from New York. 这两支部队然后向东开进并加入来自纽约的第三支部队，

　　The three armies then would capture Montreal and Quebec and generally all Canada. It was a splendid plan. 这三支部队将夺取蒙特利尔和魁北克以及几乎整个加拿大。这是一个辉煌的计划，

　　But there were three things in the way of carrying it out: 但是，存在三个问题影响着这个计划的执行：

　　(1) there was no trained American army; (2) there were no supplies for an army when gathered and trained; （1）没有受过训练的部队；（2）当部队集结和训练时没有给养；

　　and (3) there was a small, well-trained and well-supplied army in Canada. （3）加拿大有一支规模不大但受过良好训练且给养充足的军队。

　　261. Hull's Surrender of Detroit, 1812. 261．哈尔将军在底特律投降（1812年）

　　In those days Detroit was separated from the settled parts of Ohio by two hundred miles of wilderness³. 这一时期底特律和俄亥俄的聚居地之间有200英里的荒野，

　　To get his men and supplies to Detroit, Hull had first of all to cut a road through the forest. 为了让军队和给养赶到底特律，哈尔将军首先在森林中砍伐出一条路。

　　The British learned of the actual declaration of war before Hull knew of it. 在哈尔将军知道美国对英国宣战之前英国人已经知道了这个消息。

　　They dashed down on his scattered⁴ detachments and seized his provisions. 英国军队向哈尔将军的各个小分队发起冲击并夺取了他们的给养。

　　Hull sent out expedition after expedition to gather supplies and bring in the scattered settlers. 为了搜集给养并带回到各个分散的据点，哈尔将军一次次出征，

　　Tecumthe and the other Indian allies of the British captured one expedition after another. 但塔克特和英国的其他印第安人联盟一次次地将他们打败，

　　The British advanced on Detroit, and Hull surrendered. 英国人提前占据底特律，哈尔将军投降。

　　By this disaster the British got control of the upper lakes. They even invaded Ohio. 这次惨败使得英国人控制了北部地区五大湖，他们甚至侵犯俄亥俄州。

1 hull   

n.船身；(果、实等的)外壳；vt.去(谷物等)壳

参考例句：

• The outer surface of ship's hull is very hard.船体的外表面非常坚硬。
• The boat's hull has been staved in by the tremendous seas.小船壳让巨浪打穿了。

2 eastward   

adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部

参考例句：

• The river here tends eastward.这条河从这里向东流。
• The crowd is heading eastward,believing that they can find gold there.人群正在向东移去，他们认为在那里可以找到黄金。

3 wilderness   

n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

4 scattered   

adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的

参考例句：

• Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。