美国学生历史 第118期:第二次独立战争(10)

 　　274. The Hartford Convention, 1814. 274．哈特福德大会（1814年）

　　While the New commissioners¹ were talking over the treaty of peace, other debaters were discussing the war, at Hartford, Connecticut. 在新任外交官讨论和平条约的同时，其他辩论家也在康涅狄格的哈特福德进行着一些关于战争的辩论。

　　These were leading New England Federalists. 这些参与辩论的人是新英格兰联邦党人的主要成员，

　　They thought that the government at Washington had done many things that the Constitution of the United States did not permit it to do. 他们认为华盛顿政府已经做了许多美国宪法所不允许的事情，

　　They drew up a set of resolutions. Some of these read like those other resolutions drawn² up by Jefferson and Madison in 1798. 他们起草了一套决议，其中一些决议读起来类似于杰斐逊和麦迪逊在1789年起草的那些决议。

　　The Hartford debaters also thought that the national government had not done enough to protect the coasts of New England from British attacks. 哈特福德的辩论者还认为华盛顿政府没有尽力保护新英格兰使之免于英国的攻击，

　　They proposed, therefore, that the taxes collected by the national government in New England should be handed over to the New England states to use for their defense³. 因此，他们提出国民政府在新英格兰的税收应该发放给新英格兰，将这些钱用于新英格兰的自卫。

　　Commissioners were actually at Washington to propose this division of the national revenue when news came of Jackson's victory at New Orleans and of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent. 实际上，在杰克森取得新奥尔良大捷以及《根特条约》签订的消息传来时，新英格兰在华盛顿的特派员正要提出这个分割国民税收的决议，

　　The commissioners hastened home and the Republican party regained⁴ its popularity with the voters. 这些特派员马上赶回新英格兰，共和党再次获得投票人的赞同。

　　275. Gains of the War. 275．战争的收益

　　The United States gained no territory after all this fighting on sea and land. 经过所有这些在海上和陆地上的战斗，美国没有获得任何领土，

　　It did not even gain the abolition⁵ of impressment in so many words. 甚至也没有促成具体的对废除"强制征兵"的承诺，

　　But what was of far greater importance, the American people began to think of itself as a nation. 但是，最为重要的是，美国人民现在开始认为美国是一个民族，

　　Americans no longer looked to France or to England as models to be followed. 美国人民不再把英国人或法国人作为自己榜样，

　　They became Americans. The getting of this feeling of independence and of nationality was a very great step forward. 他们变成了美国人。获得这种关于独立和民族的情感是一个巨大进步，

　　It is right, therefore, to speak of this war as the Second War of Independence. 因此，有理由认为这场战争是美国的第二次独立战争。

1 commissioners   

n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官

参考例句：

• The Commissioners of Inland Revenue control British national taxes. 国家税收委员管理英国全国的税收。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The SEC has five commissioners who are appointed by the president. 证券交易委员会有５名委员，是由总统任命的。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

2 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

3 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

4 regained   

复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地

参考例句：

• The majority of the people in the world have regained their liberty. 世界上大多数人已重获自由。
• She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise. 她犹豫片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。

5 abolition   

n.废除，取消

参考例句：

• They declared for the abolition of slavery.他们声明赞成废除奴隶制度。
• The abolition of the monarchy was part of their price.废除君主制是他们的其中一部分条件。