美国学生历史 第126期:新党派与新政策(2)

 　　As the head of that great department, he controlled more appointments than all the other members of the cabinet put together. 作为这个庞大机构的领导者，他所控制的委任状比起所有其他内阁成员所能委任的人的总和还要多。

　　The habit of using public offices to reward political friends had begun in Pennsylvania. 使用公共权力回报政治朋友这个习惯始于宾夕法尼亚州，

　　Washington, in his second term, Adams, and Jefferson had appointed to office only members of their own party. 在华盛顿在第二任总统任期内，亚当斯以及杰斐逊都任命自己党派的人为政府的官员，

　　Jefferson had also removed from office a few political opponents. 杰斐逊还从政府中革去了一些敌对者的职务。

　　But there were great difficulties in the way of making removals. 但是，从一个位置上清除一个人非常困难，

　　Crawford hit upon the plan of appointing officers for four years only. 克劳福德突然提出官员任期为四年这个方案，

　　Congress at once fell in with the idea and passed the Tenure¹ of Office Act, limiting appointments to four years. 国会立刻赞同这个提议并通过了《官员任期法案》，将聘用期限定为四年。

　　Crawford promptly² used this new power to build up a strong political machine in the Treasury³ Department, devoted⁴ to his personal advancement⁵. 克劳福德立刻用这个新权力在财政部组建一个强大的政治机器。这是一个专注于他个人擢升的政治机器，

　　He was nominated for the presidency⁶ by a Congressional caucus⁷ and became the "regular" candidate. 他被国会的核心小组提名为总统职位候选人，由此变成"合法的"候选人。

　　287. Clay and Jackson. 287．克雷与杰克森

　　Two men outside of the cabinet were also put forward for Monroe's high office. 内阁之外还有两个人被推向总统的位置，

　　These were Andrew Jackson of Tennessee and Henry Clay of Kentucky. 他们是田纳西州的安德鲁·杰克森和肯塔基州的亨利·克雷。

　　Clay and Calhoun had entered politics at about the same time. 克雷几乎与科恩同时进入政界，

　　They had then believed in the same policy. 信奉同样的政策。

　　Calhoun had abandoned his early ideas. 科恩放弃了他早期的政治信仰，

　　But Clay held fast to the policy of "nationalization." 但克雷越来越信奉"国有化"这个政策。

　　He still favored internal improvements at the national expense. He still favored the protective system. 克雷支持改进开支，支持防护制度；

　　He was the great "peacemaker" and tried by means of compromises to unite all parts of the Union. 他是伟大的"和平制造者"，试图通过各种折中来将所有的各个州统一为一个联邦。

1 tenure   

n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期

参考例句：

• He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
• Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。

2 promptly   

adv.及时地，敏捷地

参考例句：

• He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
• She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。

3 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

4 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

5 advancement   

n.前进，促进，提升

参考例句：

• His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
• The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。

6 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

7 caucus   

n.秘密会议；干部会议；v.（参加）干部开会议

参考例句：

• This multi-staged caucus takes several months.这个多级会议常常历时好几个月。
• It kept the Democratic caucus from fragmenting.它也使得民主党的核心小组避免了土崩瓦解的危险。