美国学生历史 第135期:安德鲁·杰克逊的任期(1)

 　　Chapter 29 第29期

　　The Reign¹ of Andrew Jackson,1829-1837 安德鲁·杰克逊的任期（1829-1837年）

　　301. General Jackson. 301．杰克森将军

　　Born in the backwoods of Carolina, Jackson had early crossed the Alleghanies and settled in Tennessee. 杰克森出生在卡罗莱纳的边远地区，他很早就越过奥利哈尼山到田纳西定居。

　　Whenever trouble came to the Western people, whenever there was need of a stout² heart and an iron will, Jackson was at the front. 无论何时遇到麻烦，无论何时需要胆气和坚定的意愿，西部人马上想到的就是杰克森。

　　He always did his duty. 杰克森总是恪尽职守，

　　And he always did his duty well. 他在尽责做事方面总是让人满意；

　　Honest and sincere, he believed in himself and he believed in the American people. 杰克森为人正直、真诚，他自信并相信美国人民，

　　As President he led the people in one of the stormiest periods in our history. 担任总统期间领导美国人民度过一段美国历史上最为艰难的时期。

　　Able men gathered about him. 不少有才能的人聚集在杰克森周围，

　　But he relied chiefly on the advice of a few friends who smoked their pipes with him and formed his "kitchen cabinet." 但他主要听从几个朋友的建议。这些人叼着烟斗和他一起抽烟，他们组成了杰克森的"厨房内阁"。

　　He seldom called a regular cabinet meeting. 他很少召开正规的内阁会议，

　　When he did call one, it was often merely to tell the members what he had decided³ to do. 即使召开一次，也常常仅仅是告知大家他已经决定做什么事。

　　302. The Spoils System. 302．"政党分赃制"

　　Among the able men who had fought the election for Jackson were Van Buren and Marcy of New York and Buchanan of Pennsylvania. 纽约州的凡·伯伦和马西以及宾夕法尼亚州的布坎南为杰克森竞选总统立下汗马功劳，

　　They had built up strong party machines in their states. 他们在各自所在的州建立起强大的政党机器，

　　For they "saw nothing wrong in the principle that to the victors belong the spoils victory." 在他们看来，"将胜利的战利品给予得胜者这一原则没有什么不妥之处"。

　　So they rewarded their party workers with offices-when they won. 因此，在他们获胜后，他们用职位酬谢其党徒。

　　The Spoils System was now begun in the national government. 此时，国民政府开始发动这个奖励回馈制度，

　　Those who had worked for Jackson rushed to Washington. 那些曾经为杰克森效力的人匆匆赶往华盛顿，

　　The hotels and boarding-houses could not hold them. 旅馆与寄宿处都住满了人，

　　Some of them camped out in the parks and public squares of the capital. 有的人在公园和首都的广场上露宿，

　　Removals now went merrily on. 而官员的撤换也在欢快地进行，

　　Rotation⁴ in office was the cry. "官位轮流做"是当时的口号。

　　Before long Jackson removed nearly one thousand officeholders and appointed political partisans⁵ in their places. 不久，杰克森撤掉了近1000名职员，并任命政治党羽接替这些人的位子。

1 reign   

n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势

参考例句：

• The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
• The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。

2 stout   

adj.强壮的，粗大的，结实的，勇猛的，矮胖的

参考例句：

• He cut a stout stick to help him walk.他砍了一根结实的枝条用来拄着走路。
• The stout old man waddled across the road.那肥胖的老人一跩一跩地穿过马路。

3 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

4 rotation   

n.旋转；循环，轮流

参考例句：

• Crop rotation helps prevent soil erosion.农作物轮作有助于防止水土流失。
• The workers in this workshop do day and night shifts in weekly rotation.这个车间的工人上白班和上夜班每周轮换一次。

5 partisans   

游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙

参考例句：

• Every movement has its partisans. 每一运动都有热情的支持者。
• He was rescued by some Italian partisans. 他被几名意大利游击队员所救。