TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(4)
The first day of the experiment, we got out to our plot 实验的第一天，我们来到了实验地点， and a grizzly bear and her cub chased us off. 突然一头灰熊和她的熊宝宝出现，把我们赶跑了。 And I had no bear spray. But
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(5)
After the hour was up, I rolled down my window, and I checked for mama grizzly. 一小时的时间到了之后，我摇下了车窗，看看灰熊妈妈还在不在。 Oh good, she's over there eating her huckleberries. 哦太棒了，她在挺远的地
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(6)
And then in later experiments, we found the opposite, 而在随后的实验中，我们发现了相反的情况， that fir was sending more carbon to birch than birch was sending to fir, 花旗松给纸皮桦送的碳比纸皮桦给它的碳多， a
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(7)
For me, I've conducted and published hundreds of experiments in the forest. 对我来说，我在森林中已经进行和发表过上百次的实验了。 Some of my oldest experimental plantations are now over 30 years old. 有一些我最早进行实
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(8)
You see, like all networks, mycorrhizal networks have nodes and links. 你们看，就像所有的网络一样，真菌的网络中也有节点和链接。 We made this map by examining the short sequences of DNA of every tree and every fungal indivi
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(9)
Mother trees colonize their kin with bigger mycorrhizal networks. 母树通过更大的菌根网络来覆盖住自己孩子们所在的区域。 They send them more carbon below ground. 在地下，它们给孩子们会送去更多的碳。 They even
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(10)
You see, you can take out one or two hub trees, 你们看，我们可以拿走一两颗中心树， but there comes a tipping point, 但这样就会达到森林承受极限了， because hub trees are not unlike rivets in an airplane. 因为森林里的
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(11)
Not only that, we're continuing to plant one or two species and weed out the aspens and birches. 不仅如此，我们还在继续种植着那一两种单一的树木，还继续着把山杨和桦树清除出去。 These simplified forests lack compl
TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(12)
First, we all need to get out in the forest. 首先，我们都得走出家门，走进森林。 We need to reestablish local involvement in our own forests. 我们需要重新使当地的居民融入到我们森林中去。 You see, most of our fore
TED演讲:我们的工作将被机器取代 但也有例外(1)
So this is my niece. Her name is Yahli. She is nine months old. 这是我的侄女。她叫Yahli。她只有九个月大。 Her mum is a doctor, and her dad is a lawyer. 她妈妈是一名医生，爸爸是一名律师。 By the time Yahli goes to co
TED演讲:我们的工作将被机器取代 但也有例外(2)
In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build an algorithm that could grade high-school essays. 2012年，Kaggle给当地学校出了个难题，设计一个算法来评判高中作文。 The winning algorithms were able to match the grades given
TED演讲:我们的工作将被机器取代 但也有例外(3)
Now, this is a particularly remarkable example of creativity. 这是个非常杰出的创新例子。 But this sort of cross-pollination happens for each of us in small ways thousands of times per day. 但这种跨界转型每天正以难以察觉的方
TED演讲:怎样让企业持续运行100年(1)
Imagine that you are a product designer. 把自己想象成一个产品设计师。 And you've designed a product, a new type of product, called the human immune system. 你设计了一种产品，一种叫做人体免疫机制的新产品 You're pit
TED演讲:怎样让企业持续运行100年(2)
I can see I'm losing you, Bob, but stay with me, because here is the really killer feature. 我知道你开始听不懂了，鲍勃，但请听我说完，因为现在才是产品的杀手锏 The product is completely adaptive. 这种产品具有极强
TED演讲:怎样让企业持续运行100年(3)
If we went with Bob's philosophy, I think we'd actually end up with a more efficient immune system. 如果我们同意鲍勃的观点，我们实际上肯定了一种更为高效的免疫系统 And efficiency is always important in the short term. 而且
